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Balancing innovation with existing constraints 

As the built environment faces increasing pressure to decarbonise, the role of our MEP engineers in retrofitting existing buildings has never been more critical. Unlike new-build projects, where spatial flexibility allows for the optimal placement of systems, retrofitting requires our engineers to work within the constraints of existing structures. Their expertise ensures buildings can be transformed to meet modern performance standards whilst maintaining their architectural and historical integrity. 

Retrofitting demands a delicate balance, introducing future-proof, flexible MEP solutions that work within the physical and structural limitations of an existing building. Unlike new-build projects, where plant rooms and riser spaces can be designed from scratch, retrofitting often requires adapting these elements within the building’s original footprint. This is particularly challenging in heritage structures, where interventions must be carried out sensitively to preserve their character. 

A key issue faced is the integration of modern low-energy systems, which typically require more space for mechanical duct and pipe distribution and plant. For instance, reducing fan power consumption necessitates larger ducts – an essential step towards energy efficiency but a significant challenge when working within confined existing spaces. Overcoming such constraints often begins with reducing the building’s energy demand itself, particularly in heating and cooling, through improvements to the building fabric. Only then can energy-efficient MEP solutions be successfully implemented without compromising spatial limitations. 

Finding flexible and future-proofing MEP solutions can secure many more years for a building’s life

Kenichi Hamada, Director, MEP

Preserving heritage while enhancing performance 

For listed and historically significant buildings, any MEP intervention must be undertaken with care. The challenge lies in striking the right balance between reducing energy demand and preserving the building’s architectural and cultural value, even when working with relatively modern heritage buildings, such as 1960-1980’s brutalist buildings, successfully implementing fabric improvement and energy demand reduction would make those buildings even more attractive and socially significant.  

A holistic approach is required, incorporating passive strategies, such as improving insulation and airtightness – alongside efficient, low-energy MEP systems. The goal is to ensure these interventions respect the original design intent while securing the building’s future in a low-carbon world. 

Leveraging technology to enhance retrofitting success

One of the biggest challenges in retrofitting is the lack of accurate building records. Many older structures have incomplete or outdated documentation, with some relying on thousands of paper records, making it difficult to obtain a reliable picture of existing conditions. Fortunately, digital technologies are transforming the way MEP engineers approach retrofitting. 

Tools such as 360-degree cameras enable rapid digital capture of spaces, allowing engineers to take precise measurements remotely. On larger-scale projects, point cloud surveys and BIM models provide detailed digital representations of a building, streamlining the design process and reducing the risk of unforeseen complications during construction. These technologies are becoming essential for efficient retrofit planning, helping us navigate the complexities of existing building stock with greater accuracy. 

A prime example of the challenges and rewards of retrofitting more complicated structures can be seen in the transformation of the Imperial War Museum in London. The project involved significant remodelling, including the removal of a large section of the ground floor to create a dramatic triple-height space, capped by a floating new floor within the museum’s existing structure. 

Unexpected structural elements, such as undocumented downstand beams in the catering kitchen area, posed coordination challenges during construction. These issues required rapid collaboration between our experts and the architects to develop an effective solution. The ability to adapt and problem-solve in real-time was crucial to the success of the retrofit, ensuring the museum could function optimally while respecting its historical fabric.  

Another interesting example of the challenge older buildings present to our MEP experts is the Manchester Jewish Museum, housed in a former synagogue from 1874. The team was instrumental in transforming the Grade II* listed building, seamlessly integrating modern engineering within its historic fabric.  

Tasked with refurbishing the synagogue and designing a new extension, our experts prioritised energy efficiency, working closely with structural engineers to enhance insulation and implement low-energy solutions. Their approach delivered a 20% reduction in energy consumption across both the original and new buildings, ensuring the museum’s long-term sustainability. By blending heritage preservation with cutting-edge engineering, the museum is now future proofed for generations to come. 

The key to solving retrofit challenges is to reduce the energy demand of the existing building to start with, especially heating and cooling, by working with the building fabric improvement. Then we’ll have a fighting chance

Kenichi Hamada, Director, MEP

Retrofitting as a pathway to net zero  

The urgency of retrofitting extends beyond individual projects – it is a national priority. The UK has committed to achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, and the vast majority of buildings that will exist in 2050 are already standing today. Addressing operational energy and carbon emissions in the existing building stock is essential, with these structures accounting for approximately 19% of the UK’s total carbon footprint. 

Retrofitting represents a unique opportunity to drive meaningful change. By implementing energy-efficient systems and reducing demand through intelligent design, they play a vital role in decarbonising the built environment. When done right, retrofitting not only extends the lifespan of buildings but also makes them more attractive and sustainable for future generations. 

In the end, the success of retrofitting lies in careful planning, innovative problem-solving, and a deep commitment to sustainability. For our MEP specialists, this work is not just about upgrading systems, it’s about shaping a more resilient and responsible built environment for the decades to come.